The pathological features of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using sealant treatment assessed in lung explants of patients who underwent lung transplantation.

reaction ( fig. 1 ). In the 3 patients who had undergone ELS treatment within 12 months of LTX, deposits of hyalonoid amorphous material, indicative of residual foam sealant, were detected within alveoli ( fig. 2 ). There were no signs of tissue necrosis or dysplasia. Note, there were no histological features of fibrosis in the treatment sites or in adjacent areas. This is the first report in humans of the long-term histological effects of BLVR using ELS therapy. Despite the fact that our conclusions are based on a small number of patients, this histological confirmation regarding the long-term effects of the administered sealant adds important data regarding its safety profile.